Bit Wise in any programming language

Bitwise operations

Bitwise operators include:

&	AND
&=	AND
|	OR
|=	OR
^	XOR
^=	XOR
~	one's compliment
<<	Shift Left
<<	Shift Left
>>=	Shift Right
>>=	Shift Right

AND OR and XOR

These require two operands and will perform bit comparisions.

AND & will copy a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.

main() { unsigned int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */ unsigned int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */ unsigned int c = 0; c = a & b; /* 12 = 0000 1100 */ }

OR | will copy a bit if it exists in eather operand.

main() { unsigned int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */ unsigned int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */ unsigned int c = 0; c = a | b; /* 61 = 0011 1101 */ }

XOR ^ copies the bit if it is set in one operand (but not both).

main() { unsigned int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */ unsigned int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */ unsigned int c = 0; c = a ^ b; /* 49 = 0011 0001 */ }

Ones Complement

This operator is unary (requires one operand) and has the efect of 'flipping' bits.

main() { unsigned int Value=4; /* 4 = 0000 0100 */ Value = ~ Value; /* 251 = 1111 1011 */ }

---

Bit shift.

The following operators can be used for shifting bits left or right.

<<

>>

<<=

>>=

The left operands value is moved left or right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. For example:

main() { unsigned int Value=4; /* 4 = 0000 0100 */ unsigned int Shift=2; Value = Value << 16 =" 0001" 64 =" 0100">

Usually, the resulting 'empty' bit is assigned ZERO. Please use unsigned variables with these operators to avoid unpredictable results.